Trading Blogers

It has been consistently demonstrated that your investment returns aren’t so much a function of what stocks your invested in, but what sectors/asset classes your invested in. In the dot com boom, it didn’t matter what dot com stock you invested in, if you were invested in dot com companies, you probably did alright. During the dot com bust, it wasn’t just a couple select companies that went down, it was just about all of them. Because of this tendency for similar stocks to move together, it is much more productive to be able to simply buy ” or short – a type of stock, then try and nail the exact right company. But how can you gain exposure to a sector without taking unnecessary risk based on the company?

Exchange Traded Funds are the answer. Exchange traded funds (ETFs) allow you to invest in a group of companies all at once, similar to a mutual fund. The difference is that ETFs are traded directly on a stock exchange just like a stock, they can be bought and sold any time during the day without penalty, and they are both shortable, and optionable allowing you to take advantage of both up, and down moves in the market.

Each ETF is designed to mimic an investment in a certain industry, region, or type of stock. Some examples of ETFs are the XLI, XLU, and EWC. These ETFs grant an investor exposure to the industrial sector of the S&P 500, the utilities sector of the S&P 500, and the entire Canadian stock market, respectively. Similarly, one who simply wanted to match the S&P 500 indexs returns could just invest in the SPY.

But why shun the mutual fund? Why take the new guy over the established king? Lets start with the tax advantage. When mutual funds endure large sell offs, they have to liquidate many positions, some of which are currently at a gain. They then have to pay capital gains on those positions, and this negatively impacts their return. It would be an understatement to say that Mutual funds generally have higher expense ratios in general compared to ETFs. It can sometimes cost as little as 8 dollars to get into an ETF whereas a mutual fund of 20,000 that grows to 60,000 over a 20 year period may have conservatively lost as much as 18,000 to its competent managers.

Of course, the vast convenience ETFs have over mutual funds shouldn’t be underestimated. ETFs can be traded just like a stock, giving active traders the ability to buy and sell intraday. The ability to short was impossible with a mutual fund, but now it can be done. During any bear market, the ability to benefit from the fall of sectors as well as their rise is a valuable one to have.

Another important consideration is that most of the more liquid ETFs are optionable. This means that option-savvy investors can harness the power of stock options to change the risk-reward profile of their positions, and risk-conscious investors can use stratagems such as the covered call and protective put to protect their investment.

There are some disadvantages to ETFs as well. Some ETFs have complex structures that can lead them to deviate from what they are supposed to be tracking. A similar instrument, ETNs, can also easily be mistaken for an ETF, leading to some general confusion about what exactly you are investing in. Yet for those willing to put in the work to learn, ETFs can be a highly profitable venture for the modern day portfolio.

The only reason not to use ETFs is a lack of understanding, for they really are one of the most revolutionary investment tools of the 21st century. Their ability to reduce risk through diversification across an asset class, while still effectively giving an investor exposure to an entire sector, should be taken advantage of by everybody, for both long and short plays. ETFs are an invaluable asset for everyone invested in any stock market, and their advantages should be used to the fullest.